International Journal of Business Management and Entrepreneurship

Banking Strategies to Neutralize Inflationary Shocks Arising from Sanctions

MohammadHassan Sheykhyani — 2025-09-07

International sanctions have imposed significant inflationary pressures on Iran's economy through various mechanisms, including reduction of foreign exchange revenues, disruption of foreign trade, and restricted access to global payment systems. This study aims to elucidate the banking system's strategies for mitigating the inflationary effects of sanctions. Employing a descriptive-analytical research method and reviewing library resources, this article analyzes operational measures that banks can adopt to counteract the inflationary impacts of sanctions. Findings indicate that although sanctions have exacerbated inflation in Iran's economy through multiple channels, appropriate banking strategies—including liquidity management, revision of credit policies, and deployment of innovative financial instruments—can effectively mitigate these effects. This article presents practical solutions for enhancing the banking system's performance under sanctions.

Financial Governance, Digital Economy and Efficiency in Audit Processes: A Multidimensional Analysis in the Context of Brexit, Bitcoin, SMEs and Audit Systems

Shirin Azari — 2025-09-07

This study offers a multidimensional investigation into the intersection of financial governance, the digital economy, and audit efficiency, contextualized by key global developments such as Brexit, the rise of Bitcoin, and the evolving role of SMEs in technological adoption. Employing a qualitative methodology based on document analysis, case studies, and expert interviews, the research analyzes institutional, organizational, and technological layers that shape digital audit processes. Findings demonstrate that post-Brexit regulatory divergence has complicated audit standard harmonization, particularly for SMEs engaged in cross-border trade. The digital economy exemplified by blockchain, AI, and automated compliance tools has enhanced transparency and efficiency in auditing but also introduced new risks such as cybersecurity threats and regulatory lag. SMEs show increased audit performance when supported by hybrid digital governance models, yet continue to face adoption barriers due to limited financial and technological resources. The study concludes that digital transformation in audit systems is a strategic necessity rather than a technological option. It calls for globally aligned yet locally adaptive regulatory frameworks, increased SME support mechanisms, and robust governance models capable of monitoring emerging risks. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers, audit professionals, and scholars in designing resilient, inclusive, and efficient digital audit infrastructures

The Evolution of Accounting Standards After the Financial Crisis: Effects of the Digital Age

Zahra Kermani — 2025-09-07

This study explores the dynamic evolution of accounting standards in the aftermath of the 2007–2008 global financial crisis, emphasizing the transformative influence of the digital age on financial reporting practices. The crisis exposed critical flaws in fair value accounting, risk disclosure, and the timeliness of financial information, prompting substantial reforms in international accounting standards, including IFRS and GAAP frameworks. In parallel, the rapid emergence of digital technologies—such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cloud computing—has redefined the scope and execution of accounting practices. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical insights, the study illustrates how regulatory bodies, financial institutions, and accounting professionals have adapted to a complex environment shaped by both post-crisis reforms and technological advancements. The integration of real-time data processing, digital asset reporting, algorithmic auditing, and enhanced cybersecurity protocols has become essential to modern accounting. Furthermore, the study highlights the growing significance of non-financial disclosures, especially ESG and sustainability-related data, in aligning accounting standards with the evolving needs of global stakeholders. The findings indicate that the future of accounting lies in a flexible, principle-based, and technologically integrated framework that balances innovation with transparency and accountability. The study concludes with forward-looking recommendations for regulators, educators, and practitioners to ensure that accounting standards remain relevant, resilient, and ethically grounded in an increasingly digital financial ecosystem.

The Future of Financial Auditing: An Innovative Approach with Autonomous Systems and Blockchain

RADİN REHNEMA — 2025-09-07

The rapid digitization of global finance has fundamentally altered the landscape of financial auditing. Emerging technologies—particularly autonomous systems and blockchain—are reshaping the way audits are planned, executed, and evaluated. This study investigates how the integration of artificial intelligence, robotic process automation (RPA), and distributed ledger technologies (DLT) can lead to a more transparent, efficient, and secure auditing ecosystem. Through an extensive literature review and analysis of current audit frameworks, this research outlines the potential of autonomous audit agents to perform real-time data analytics, anomaly detection, and continuous monitoring without human intervention. Additionally, the immutable and decentralized nature of blockchain is explored as a foundational infrastructure for audit trails, smart contracts, and trustworthy financial disclosures. The methodology employed is qualitative and exploratory in nature, drawing from recent case studies, scholarly articles, and international accounting standards (e.g., IFRS 9, IFRS 15). Findings suggest that while these technologies significantly enhance audit efficiency and fraud detection capabilities, challenges such as regulatory gaps, ethical concerns, and technical scalability remain. The discussion highlights the shifting role of auditors—from compliance enforcers to strategic interpreters of intelligent systems—and underscores the need for new governance models, cross-disciplinary education, and standardized digital audit protocols. Ultimately, this paper offers forward-looking recommendations to policymakers, auditors, and educators for adapting to the evolving audit landscape. By embracing innovation responsibly, the audit profession can strengthen public trust, improve accountability, and maintain relevance in the digital financial era.

The Rise of Digital Finance in the COVID-19 Crisis: Bitcoin in E-Commerce, Insurance Fraud Mitigation, and Portfolio Optimization

Leyla Rostami — 2025-09-07

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the adoption and evolution of digital finance, reshaping key financial sectors globally. This study investigates three critical areas impacted by the crisis: Bitcoin’s growing role in e-commerce, the application of machine learning for insurance fraud detection, and portfolio optimization strategies under volatile market conditions. Bitcoin exhibited unprecedented volatility during the pandemic, yet demonstrated a strong recovery trend, reflecting its increasing acceptance as both a speculative asset and a payment method. Insurance fraud detection models leveraging Random Forest algorithms achieved high accuracy and recall, highlighting the potential of artificial intelligence in mitigating financial risks amid rising fraudulent claims. Portfolio optimization using the Markowitz mean-variance framework revealed that strategic asset allocation can yield robust risk-adjusted returns despite market turbulence. These findings underscore the transformative effect of the COVID-19 crisis on digital finance, emphasizing the need for continued innovation, regulatory oversight, and ethical deployment of AI technologies. This study contributes to understanding how digital finance tools can enhance resilience and efficiency in uncertain economic environments.

Holographic Financial Presentations: Perceptual and Ethical Impacts of Presenting Accounting Information in 3D Environments

Ali Ahmadi — 2025-09-07

This study investigates the cognitive, perceptual, and ethical implications of using holographic and 3D visualizations to present financial and accounting information. Through a mixed-methods approach—comprising controlled experiments, quantitative surveys, and qualitative interviews—120 participants from diverse financial backgrounds interacted with financial data across three formats: traditional 2D, augmented reality (AR), and fully immersive holographic projections. Results revealed that the holographic format significantly enhanced users' accuracy, engagement, and comprehension while reducing cognitive load compared to 2D and AR formats. However, it also raised concerns regarding visual manipulation and ethical transparency. Participants rated holographic presentations as both more trustworthy and more potentially misleading, highlighting a paradox in the perception of immersive financial information.The study introduces the concept of visual financial ethics and emphasizes the need for updated accounting standards, regulatory frameworks, and design guidelines to ensure the responsible implementation of immersive technologies in financial communication. These findings have critical implications for corporate reporting, auditing practices, investor relations, and financial education.

Examining the Relationship between the IT Infrastructure Library and Intentional Organizational Forgetting in Non-Profit Universities of Qazvin Province

Ali Erfani Kia — 2025-09-07

In today's world, where knowledge and information technology are recognized as two fundamental pillars of organizations, effective knowledge management is crucial for the survival of organizations in a competitive environment. This research aims to investigate the relationship between information technology infrastructure and intentional organizational forgetting among the staff of non-profit universities in Qazvin province. This study is descriptive-correlational and applied, with a statistical population consisting of 450 employees from these universities. A sample of 220 individuals was selected using cluster random sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had been validated by experts and demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's alpha over 0.7). Data analysis using SPSS showed a significant relationship between the quality of information technology infrastructure and intentional organizational forgetting (r = 0.825, p < 0.01). All dimensions of information technology infrastructure quality, including efficiency, effectiveness, confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, compliance, and reliability, also had significant relationships with intentional forgetting. These findings suggest that implementing a connection between information technology infrastructure can help consciously eliminate non-useful knowledge and enhance organizational learning. It is recommended that university managers leverage the capabilities of information technology infrastructure to improve knowledge management and increase organizational agility.

Development of an interpretive structural model (ISM) for the implementation of fintech in the banking industry

Mohammad Gholami — 2025-09-07

The advent of cutting-edge technologies coupled with customer’s demand for safe and more user-friendly banking experience has led the banks and financial services to readily adoption of FinTech finance technology. Although the Fintec issue is heavily influenced by financial institutions around the world, there are only a few studies on how banks should draw a framework for the integration of phonetic. The purpose of this research is to formulate an interpretive structural model of Fintech implementation in the country's banking industry. In this study, using the Grounded Theory method of the foundation of 30 sub-components and 7 main components affecting the implementation of phinetics in the banking industry, then the relationship between these components was identified using the structural interpretive modeling method (ISM). Finally, using the MICMAC analysis of the types of components, according to the effectiveness and effectiveness on the implementation of the phinetics, it was divided into four levels. In order to implement the phinetics, the requirement of the components of upstream documents and decisions as the cornerstone of this industry is Pay special attention.

Classification of Facility Layout Problems

Reza Mohammadi — 2025-09-07

The Facility Layout Problem (FLP) is a critical aspect of production and operations management, aiming to optimize the spatial arrangement of departments or facilities within manufacturing and service environments. The primary objective is to minimize material handling costs; which can account for up to 50% of total operating expenses in some industries; by reducing the distance traveled between facilities weighted by their interaction frequency. A well-designed layout significantly impacts key performance indicators such as productivity, throughput time, space utilization, and workflow efficiency. FLPs are inherently complex combinatorial optimization problems, often classified as NP-hard, due to the numerous constraints involved, including unequal department areas, adjacency requirements, and dynamic changes over time. Various layout configurations have been explored, such as single-row, multi-row, loop, open-field, and multi-floor arrangements, each offering distinct advantages depending on the application context. Exact methods, heuristic algorithms, and especially metaheuristics like genetic algorithms and simulated annealing have been widely employed to tackle these challenges. Hybrid approaches combining different optimization techniques have also shown promise in solving large-scale real-world instances. Beyond cost reduction, modern FLP studies increasingly emphasize ergonomics, safety, flexibility, and sustainability in layout design. As industries evolve with new technologies and fluctuating demands, adaptive and intelligent layout planning becomes essential for maintaining competitive advantage. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of FLP classifications, objectives, and solution strategies, highlighting its significance in both theoretical research and practical implementation across diverse sectors.