Integration of Multi-Omics Approaches in Exercise: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: Exercise is a potent physiological stimulus that offers numerous health benefits; however, individual responses to exercise exhibit considerable variability. This review seeks to integrate recent findings regarding the utilization of multi-omics in exercise physiology, emphasizing its function in clarifying individual variances, modality-specific adaptations, and the potential for tailored exercise prescriptions.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2023–2025). Studies were included if they utilized a minimum of two omics platforms, involved human subjects, and established a connection between molecular profiles and exercise-related physiological outcomes. We used the Downs and Black checklist to check the methodological quality.

Results: There were eight studies, including clinical trials, meta-analyses, and data-driven modelling. Multi-omics analyses showed that people's molecules were organized in different ways (e.g., by lipid metabolism or immune gene signatures), identified pathways activated by aerobic vs. resistance training, and demonstrated the importance of the gut mycobiome for metabolic health.

Conclusion: Multi-omics approaches provide deep insights into the molecular basis of exercise response, supporting a shift toward personalized exercise science.